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  Thus was there even of old the treacherous speech of hate, that walketh with the subtleties of tales, intent on guile, slander that breedeth ill: so doth it violence on the thing that shineth, and uplifteth the rottenness of dim men’s fame.

  Never in me be this mind, O our father Zeus, but to the paths of simplicity let me cleave throughout my life, that being dead I may set upon my children a name that shall be of no ill report.

  For gold some pray, and some for limitless lands: mine be it amid my townsfolk’s love to shroud my limbs in earth, still honouring where honour is due, and sowing rebuke on the evildoers.

  Thus groweth virtue greater, uplifted of the wise and just, as when a tree watered by fresh dew shooteth toward the moist air on high.

  Manifold are the uses of friends, chiefest truly amid the press of toil, yet doth joy also desire to behold his own assurance.4

  Ah Meges, to bring back thy spirit to earth is to me impossible, and of empty hopes the end is naught. Yet for thy house and the clan of Chariadai I can upraise a lofty column of song in honour of these two pairs of fortunate feet5.

  I have joy to utter praise meet for the act, for by such charms of song doth a man make even labour a painless thing. Yet surely was there a Komos-song even of old time, yea before strife began between Adrastos and the sons of Kadmos6.

  1: Aphrodite.

  2: Aiakos.

  3: Aigina.

  4: Through celebration in song, which a friendly poet can give.

  5: Of Meges and Deinis.

  6: The invention of encomiastic hymns was attributed by legend to the time of the expedition of Adrastos and the other six against Thebes.

  IX. FOR CHROMIOS OF AITNA, WINNER IN THE CHARIOT-RACE.

  This ode is placed by usage among the Nemeans, but the victory was not won at Nemea, but at Sikyon, in the local games called Pythian. Its date is unknown: it must have been after the founding of Aitna, B.C. 476. Probably the ode was sung in a procession at Aitna, some length of time after the victory. The Chromios is the Chromios of the first Nemean, Hieron’s brother-in-law.

  * * * * *

  From Apollo at Sikyon will we lead our triumph forth, ye Muses, unto the new-made city of Aitna, where doors are opened wide to greet the invading guests, even to the fortunate house of Chromios. Come claim for him a song of sweetness: for he goeth up into the chariot of his victory, and biddeth us sing aloud to the mother1 and her twin children who keep watch over high Pytho in fellowship.

  Now there is a saying among men, that one hide not in silence on the ground a good deed done: and meet for such brave tales is divine song.

  Therefore will we arouse the pealing lyre and rouse the flute, in honour of the very crown of all contests of steeds, which Adrastos in honour of Phoibos ordained beside Asopos’ stream.

  Whereof when I make mention with voiceful honour I will celebrate withal the Hero2, who then being king in that place did by the founding of a new feast and struggles of the strength of men and of carven cars make his city known abroad and glorious.

  For he was flying before Amphiaraos of bold counsels, and before a dangerous civil strife, from Argos and his father’s house: for no longer were the sons of Talaos lords therein, for a sedition had thrust them forth. The stronger man endeth the contention that hath been before.

  But when they had given to the son of Oikleus for his wife, as one should give surety of an oath, Eriphyle, the slayer of her husband, they became the greatest of the fair-haired Danaoi. So thereafter led they on a time against seven-gated Thebes a host of men, but not by a road of signs propitious: nor would the son of Kronos speed them on their mad journey from their homes, but by the quivering lightnings he darted forth he bade them hold from their road3.

  But unto a revealed calamity hasted that company to go forth with bronze shields and the gear of steeds; and on the banks of Ismenos, stayed from their sweet return, they fed the white smoke with their bodies.

  For seven pyres devoured the young men’s limbs, but for Amphiaraos Zeus by almighty thunderbolt clave the deep-breasted earth, and buried him with his steeds, or ever the warrior’s soul should be shamed by the smiting of him in the back by Periklymenos’ spear. For when the terror cometh of heaven, then flee even the sons of gods.

  If it be possible, O son of Kronos, this trial of valour against Phenician spears4 for life or death I would fain defer unto the utmost: and I beg of thee to grant unto the sons of the men of Aitna for long time a portion in good laws, and to make their people to dwell among glories that the citizens have won. Men are there here that love steeds and that have souls above desire of wealth. Hard of credence is the word I have spoken; for the spirit of honour which bringeth glory is stolen secretly by lust of gain.

  Hadst thou been shield-bearer to Chromios among foot and horse and in fightings of ships, thou hadst judged concerning his jeopardy in the fierce fray, for in war did that divine honour stir his warrior-soul to ward off havoc of Enyalios. Few are there who may prevail by strength or valour to contrive a turning of the cloud of imminent death against the ranks of the enemy. Howbeit they tell how Hektor’s glory flowered beside Skamander’s streams, and thus on the steep cliffs of Heloros’ banks5, where men call the ford the Fountain of Ares, hath this light shined for Agesidamos’ son in the beginning of his praise.

  And other deeds on other days will I declare, many done amid the dust on the dry land, and yet others on the neighbouring sea. Now out of toils which in youth have been done with righteousness there ripeneth toward old age a day of calm.

  Let Chromios know that he hath from the gods a lot of wondrous bliss. For if one together with much wealth have won him glorious renown, it is impossible that a mortal’s feet touch any further mountain-top.

  The banquet loveth peace, and by a gentle song a victory flourisheth afresh, and beside the bowl the singer’s voice waxeth brave. Let one mix it now, that sweet proclaimer of the triumphal song, and in silver goblets hand the grapes’ potent child, even the goblets which for Chromios his mares erst won, and sent to him from sacred Sikyon, entwined with well-earned crowns of Leto’s son.

  Now claim I, father Zeus, to have well sung this excellent deed by aid of the Charites, and beyond many to do honour to this victory by my words, for the javelin that I throw falleth nearest to the Muses’ mark.

  1: Leto.

  2: Adrastos.

  3: Lightning and thunder were often an encouraging sign (there is an instance in the fourth Pythian), but this would depend on the manner of them.

  4: War with the Carthaginians, who were still threatening the Hellenic colonists in Sicily, in spite of their recent defeat.

  5: About B.C. 492 a battle was fought on the Heloros between the Syracusans and the army of Hippokrates, tyrant of Gela.

  X. FOR THEAIOS OF ARGOS, WINNER IN THE WRESTLING-MATCH.

  This ode, like the last, is improperly called Nemean. It commemorates a victory won at the feast of the Hekatombaia at Argos. The date is unknown.

  * * * * *

  The city of Danaos and of his fifty bright-throned daughters, Argos the home of Hera, meet abode of gods, sing Graces! for by excellencies innumerable it is made glorious in the deeds of valiant men.

  Long is the tale of Perseus1, that telleth of the Gorgon Medusa: many are the cities in Egypt founded by the hands of Epaphos2: neither went Hypermnestra’s choice astray when she kept sheathed her solitary sword3.

  Also their Diomedes did the grey-eyed goddess make incorruptible and a god: and at Thebes, the earth blasted by the bolts of Zeus received within her the prophet4, the son of Oikleus, the storm-cloud of war.

  Moreover in women of beautiful hair doth the land excel. Thereto in days of old Zeus testified, when he followed after Alkmene and after Danaë.

  And in the father of Adrastos and in Lynkeus did Argos mingle ripe wisdom with upright justice: and she reared the warrior Amphitryon. Now he came to the height of honour in his descendants, for in bronze armour he slew the Teleboai, and in his likeness t
he king of the immortals entered his hall, bearing the seed of fearless Herakles, whose bride in Olympos is Hebe, who by the side of her mother, the queen of marriage, walketh of all divinities most fair.

  My tongue would fail to tell in full the honours wherein the sacred Argive land hath part: also the distaste5 of men is ill to meet. Yet wake the well-strung lyre, and take thought of wrestlings; a strife for the bronze shield stirreth the folk to sacrifice of oxen unto Hera and to the issue of games, wherein the son of Oulias, Theaios, having overcome twice, hath obtained forgetfulness of the toils he lightly bore.

  Also on a time at Pytho he was first of the Hellenic host, and won crowns at Isthmos and at Nemea, led thither by fair hap, and gave work for the Muses’ plough by thrice winning at the Gates6 of the Sea and thrice on the famous plains in the pastures of Adrastos’ home7. Of that he longeth for, O Father Zeus, his mouth is silent, with thee are the issues of deeds: but with a spirit strong to labour and of a good courage he prayeth thy grace. Both Theaios, and whosoever struggleth in the perfect consummation of all games, know this, even the supremacy of the ordinance of Herakles that is holden at Pisa8: yet sweet preluding strains are those that twice have welcomed his triumph at the festival of the Athenians: and in earthenware baked in the fire, within the closure of figured urns, there came among the goodly folk of Hera9 the prize of the olive fruit[10].

  On the renowned race of thy mother’s sires there waiteth glory of games by favour of the Graces and the sons of Tyndareus together. Were I kinsman of Thrasyklos and Antias I would claim at Argos not to hide mine eyes. For with how many victories hath this horse-breeding city of Proitos flourished! even in the Corinthian corner and from the men of Kleonai[11] four times, and from Sikyon they came laden with silver, even goblets for wine, and out of Pellene clad in soft woof of wool[12]. But to tell over the multitude of their prizes of bronze is a thing impossible — to count them longer leisure were needed — which Kleitor and Tegea and the Achaians’ high-set cities and the Lykaion set for a prize by the race-course of Zeus for the conquerors by strength of hands or feet.

  And since Kastor and his brother Polydeukes came to be the guests of Pamphaes[13], no marvel is it that to be good athletes should be inborn in the race. For they[14] it is who being guardians of the wide plains of Sparta with Hermes and Herakles mete out fair hap in games, and to righteous men they have great regard. Faithful is the race of gods.

  Now, changing climes alternately, they dwell one day with their dear father Zeus, and the next in the secret places under the earth, within the valleys of Therapnai, fulfilling equal fate: because on this wise chose Polydeukes to live his life rather than to be altogether god and abide continually in heaven, when that Kastor had fallen in the fight.

  Him did Idas, wroth for his oxen, smite with a bronze spearhead, when from his watch upon Taÿgetos Lynkeus had seen them sitting within a hollow oak; for he of all men walking the earth had keenest eyes. So with swift feet they were straightway come to the place, and compassed speedily a dreadful deed[15].

  But terrible also was the vengeance which by the devising of Zeus those sons[16] of Aphareus suffered: for on the instant came Leto’s son[17] in chase of them: and they stood up against him hard by the sepulchre of their father. Thence wrenched they a carved headstone that was set to glorify the dead, and they hurled it at the breast of Polydeukes. But they crushed him not, neither made him give back, but rushing onward with fierce spear he drave the bronze head into Lynkeus’ side. And against Idas Zeus hurled a thunderbolt of consuming fire.

  So were those brothers in one flame[18] burnt unbefriended: for a strife with the stronger is grievous for men to mix in.

  Then quickly came back the son of Tyndareus[19] to his great brother, and found him not quite dead, but the death-gasp rattled in his throat. Then Polydeukes wept hot tears, and groaned, and lifted up his voice, and cried: ‘Father Kronion — ah! what shall make an end of woes? Bid me, me also, O king, to die with him. The glory is departed from a man bereaved of friends. Few are they who in a time of trouble are faithful in companionship of toil.’

  Thus said he, and Zeus came, and stood before his face, and spake these words: ‘Thou art my son: but thy brother afterward was by mortal seed begotten in thy mother of the hero that was her husband. But nevertheless, behold I give thee choice of these two lots: if, shunning death and hateful old age, thou desirest for thyself to dwell in Olympus with Athene and with Ares of the shadowing spear, this lot is thine to take: but if in thy brother’s cause thou art so hot, and art resolved in all to have equal share with him, then half thy time thou shalt be alive beneath the earth, and half in the golden house of heaven.’

  Thus spake his father, and Polydeukes doubted not which counsel he should choose. So Zeus unsealed the eye, and presently the tongue also, of Kastor of the brazen mail.

  1: Son of the Argive Danaë.

  2: Son of the Argive Io.

  3: Or perhaps: ‘Neither were Hypermnestra’s story misplaced here, how she, &c.’

  4: Amphiaraos.

  5: Disgust at hearing anything profusely praised.

  6: At Corinth, in the Isthmian games.

  7: Nemea.

  8: The Olympic games.

  9: The Argives.

  10: The Athenian prize seems to have been an olive-bough in a vase of burnt clay.

  11: Near Nemea.

  12: I. e. with prizes of cloaks.

  13: An ancestor of Theaios. Probably he had given Theoxenia. See Ol. III.

  14: Kastor and Polydeukes.

  15: They slew Kastor.

  16: Idas and Lynkeus.

  17: Polydeukes.

  18: Either of the thunderbolt, or of a funeral-pile.

  19: Both brothers were nominally sons of Tyndareus, but really only Kastor was: Polydeukes was a son of Zeus.

  XI. FOR ARISTAGORAS OF TENEDOS, ON HIS ELECTION TO THE PRESIDENCY OF THE SENATE.

  This ode again was written neither for a Nemean nor for any other athletic victory, but for the [Greek: eisitaeria] or initiatory ceremonies at the election of a new [Greek: prytanis] of Tenedos. The Prytanis would seem to have been a kind of President of the Senate. The date is unknown.

  * * * * *

  Daughter of Rhea, who hast in thy keeping the city halls1, O Hestia! sister of highest Zeus and of Hera sharer of his throne, with good-will welcome Aristagoras to thy sanctuary, with good-will also his fellows2 who draw nigh to thy glorious sceptre, for they in paying honour unto thee keep Tenedos in her place erect, by drink-offerings glorifying thee many times before the other gods, and many times by the savour of burnt sacrifice; and the sound of their lutes is loud, and of their songs: and at their tables never-failing are celebrated the rites of Zeus, the stranger’s friend.

  So with fair fame and unvexed heart may Aristagoras fulfil his twelve-month term.

  Blessed among men I count his father Arkesilas, and himself for his splendid body and his heritage of a dauntless heart.

  But if any man shall possess wealth, and withal surpass his fellows in comely form, and in games have shown his strength to be the best, let such an one remember that his raiment is upon mortal limbs, and that the earth shall be his vesture at the end.

  Yet in good words of his fellow-citizens is it meet that his praise be told, and that we make his name comely with notes of honey-sounding song.

  Now among the neighbouring peoples sixteen illustrious victories have crowned Aristagoras and his famous clan in the wrestling-match and in the pankration of weighty honour. But hopes too diffident of his parents kept back the might of their son from essaying the Pythian or Olympian strife: yet verily by the God of Truth I am persuaded that both at Castaly and at the tree-clad hill of Kronos, had he gone thither, he should have turned back home with more honour than any of his rivals who had striven with him, when that he had kept the fifth year’s feast3 ordained of Herakles with dance and song, and with the shining shoots had bound his hair.

  But thus among mortals is one cast down f
rom weal by empty boasts, while another through overmuch mistrusting of his strength is robbed of his due honours, for that a spirit of little daring draggeth him backward by the hand.

  This were an easy thing to divine, that Peisander’s4 stock was from Sparta in the time of old (for from Amyklai he came5 with Orestes, bringing hither an army of Aiolians in bronze mail): and also that the blood of his mother’s brother Melanippos was blended with Ismenos’ stream6.

  The virtues of an old descent repeat their vigour uncertainly in the generations of men. Neither doth the black-soiled tilth bring forth fruit continually, neither will the trees be persuaded to bear with every year’s return a fragrant flower of equal wealth, but in their turns only. Thus also doth destiny lead on the race of mortals. From Zeus there cometh no clear sign to men: yet nevertheless we enter on high counsels, and meditate many acts: for by untameable hope our bodies are enthralled: but the tides of our affairs are hidden from our fore-knowledge. Meet is it to pursue advantage moderately: fiercest is the madness that springeth from unappeasable desires.

  1: The sacred fire of the state, over which Hestia watched, was kept in the Prytaneion.

  2: The other Senators.

  3: The Olympic.

  4: Ancestor of Aristagoras and head of his clan.

  5: ‘In the loins of his father.’

  6: I. e. a Theban alliance.

  THE ISTHMIAN ODES.

  I. FOR HERODOTOS OF THEBES. WINNER IN THE CHARIOT-RACE.

  The date of this ode is unknown. We gather from the first strophe that Pindar was engaged at the time to write an ode in honour of the Delian Apollo to be sung at Keos, but that he put this off in order first to write the present ode in honour of a victory won for his own native state of Thebes.

  * * * * *

  O mother, Thebe of the golden shield, thy service will I set even above the matter that was in my hand. May rocky Delos, whereto I am vowed, be not therefore wroth with me. Is there aught dearer to the good than noble parents?